Benzimidazolone Yellow H3G
Usually found as a bright middle yellow, PY154 is one of several benzimidazolone yellows, and in general comes highly recommended for lightfastness. PY154 is a famous benzimidazolone yellow that is an alternative to Aureolin (PY40, also known as cobalt yellow) as well as other more modern yellows, such as PY73, a Hansa Yellow. Benzimidazolone Yellow, PY154, tends to have far better lightfastness than the other yellows which it is able to replace. While perhaps not perfect, the lightfastness of PY154 is rated very highly, and artiscreation lists several sources that show all 8's (highest marks) on the Blue Wool Scale for lightfastness testing. Golden chose PY154 to replace one of their other yellow pigments, as described in this article. In Schmincke's watercolors they assign it four out of five stars for lightfastness, with five tending to describe the bulletproof lightfastness of some of the earth tones, so a four means very high in lightfastness. While this color is often more of a pure "primary" yellow, we've also encountered it as a deep yellow-orange, so the color may vary a bit. In terms of health, Monona Rossol's work notes that the chemical in PY154 may metabolize to create something that causes or is related to causing methemoglobinemia.
PY154 pigment data from David G. Myers, The Color of Art Pigment Database, Artiscreation.com
Information about PY154 from Bruce MacEvoy, Handprint Guide to Watercolors, General information about this class of pigments from Handprint,
Spurgeon, Tad. Living Craft: A Painter's Process. Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, PA: Zoetrope, 2018. Newer version available here: https://www.thomaskitts.com/page/36804/tad-spurgeons-living-craft,
Rossol, Monona. The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide. New York, NY : Allworth Press, 2001. The book is rather dated, updated information is available from her website.
Excellent
Considered to be ASTM I. This particular pigment was not mentioned in Golden’s recent testing with mixing whites in oil. The NPIRI from the 1980s only listed indoor tests but they were solid.
Semi-Opaque, Semi-Transparent
Previously thought to be Lower Concern, however new research indicates there may be hazards
Data is low, but may metabolize to create something that causes or is related to causing methemoglobinemia. See Monona Rossol's research available upon request here for more information. Treat all pigments and paints with studio safety protocols.
monoazo, acetoacetyl, H3G, benzimidazolone
C₁₈H₁₄F₃N₅O₃
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